Jurisdiction of Saint-Emilion - UNESCO World Heritage Centre

https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/932

Viticulture was introduced to this fertile region of Aquitaine by the Romans, and intensified in the Middle Ages. The Saint-Emilion area benefited from its location on the pilgrimage route to Santiago de Compostela and many churches, monasteries and hospices were built there from the 11th century onwards. It was granted the special status of a 'jurisdiction' during the period of English rule in the 12th century. It is an exceptional landscape devoted entirely to wine-growing, with many fine historic monuments in its towns and villages.

Brief synthesis

The territory of the Jurisdiction of Saint Emilion is located in the Nouvelle Aquitaine region, in the department of the Gironde. It covers 7,847 hectares. Delimited to the south by the Dordogne and to the north by the Barbanne stream, it is composed of a plateau (partly wooded), hillsides, concave valleys and a plain. Eight communes comprise the Jurisdiction, which was established in the 12th century by the King of England, John Lackland, Duke of Aquitane.

The landscape of the Jurisdiction of Saint Emilion is a monoculture, comprised exclusively of vines that were introduced intact and have remained active until today. Viticulture was introduced into this fertile region of Aquitaine by the Romans and intensified in the Middle Ages. The Saint Emilion territory benefited from its location of the Pilgrimage Route to Santiago de Compostela, and several churches, monasteries and hospices were built as of the 11th century.

This long wine growing history marked in a characteristic manner the monuments, architecture and landscape of the Jurisdiction. This alliance of the built and the natural, of stone, vine, wood and water, has created an eminent cultural landscape.

Before viticulture secured its place in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, castles were built on dominant sites to serve seigniorial residencies. However, the “chateaux” of the vineyards were located in the centre of their domains. They date from the mid-18th century to the early 19th century.

The villages are characterized by modest stone houses dating from the early 19th century. Intended for the vineyard workers, they were never more than two storeys high and were grouped in small hamlets. The chais (wine storehouses) are large rectangular functional structures built in stone or a mixture of brick and stone, with tiled double-pitched roofs.

At Saint Emilion the most important religious monuments are the Hermitage or Grotto of Saint Emilion, the Monolithic Church with its bell tower, the medieval monastic catacombs and the Collegiate Church with its cloister. This ensemble, mostly Romanesque in origin, clusters around the pilgrimage centre of the hermit saint. There is also a group of secular monuments, including the massive keep of the Château du Roi and the ruins of the Palais Cardinal. Romanesque churches are present in each of the other seven villages. The enormous Pierrefitte menhir is in the commune of Saint-Sulpice-de-Faleyrens.

Criterion (iii):The Jurisdiction of Saint Emilion is an outstanding example of an historic vineyard landscape that has survived intact and in activity to the present day.

Criterion (iv): The historic Jurisdiction of Saint Emilion illustrates in an exceptional way the intensive cultivation of grapes for wine production in a precisely defined area.

Integrity

The integrity of the landscape and the harmony offered by the ensemble of the site are due to the permanence of the vine culture, and the productive organization of the territory. The constructions or village ensembles do not correspond to a single architectural design, but are, as testifies the historic heart of Saint Emilion, the result of a long evolution over several centuries, from the 7th century and throughout the 19th and 21st centuries.

The communities have enjoyed the best part of the characteristics of the territory and develop their activities and life style, without destroying it. The culture of the land, the exploitation of the quarries, the urban establishments and development, and the construction of religious edifices and houses have all created a landscape in perfect harmony with the topography and resources of the place.

Authenticity

Although the Jurisdiction is today confronted with a decreasing population and the weakening of sub-soil due to the quarries, it remains a dynamic living territory, integrally conserving its wine growing tradition, looking to the future.

Protection and management requirements

In 1986, a safeguarded sector was created under the “Malraux” Law of 1962.

Apart from individual protection measures for buildings in application of the Heritage Code, (Historic Monuments), protection measures and town planning and enhancement documents ensuring the development of the territory have been established to preserve the site and to manage it in the continuity with its inscription on the World Heritage List: a voluntary heritage charter in 2001, a territorial project in 2004, a local urbanism plan for each of the eight communes in 2007, six of which are within the boundaries of the property and two in the buffer zone, as well as a protection zone for intercommunal architectural, urban and landscape heritage in 2007.

The Safeguarding and Enhancement Plan (PSMV) of the remarkable heritage site of the town of Saint Emilion was approved in 2010. A flood risk mitigation plan (PPRI) and a Plan for the Risk of Land Movement (PPRMT) for the concerned communities has also been prepared. A Management Plan for the property was also prepared in 2013. In particular, it deals with diminishing populations due to housing problems and the lack of available land resources and specifies development conditions for the property to render it compatible with the preservation of its Outstanding Universal Value. In cooperation with the services of the State, solutions are advocated to enable a better landscape integration of the recently constructed chais.

Seven Natural Zones of Ecological, Floral and Faunal Interest (ZNIEFF) concern the territory. These are sectors particularly characterised by their biological interest. The ZNIEFF of the communes of Saint Christophe des Bardes and Saint-Laurent des Combes protect the faunal and floral interest of the wooded “Mediterranean Belt” of the Jurisdiction. The Dordogne is concerned both by a ZNIEFF and by a Natura 2000 zone.

Luteolin may be a more effective supplement than Sulforaphane for people with autism

Sunlit Waves by William Trost Richards, 1903

In this post, I will continue to quote from ‘Paths of Fire: An Anthropologist’s Inquiry into Western Technology’ (1996) by Robert McCormick Adams. But, before I do that, I will mention some supplements that I discovered and tested recently. I already made a post in which I specified that omega-3 supplements are helpful for people that have ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder). The benefits of consuming omega-3 fatty acids for people with ADHD have been known for decades. Therefore, this information isn’t really new or rare. I also made a post in which I mentioned that ashwagandha (withania somnifera) supplements can be beneficial for some people. Of course, I did this quite a long time ago. Since then, I’ve discovered supplements that are just as good or even better for me because I’ve been putting my unique AI (autistic intelligence) to work on the problem of improving my diet so that I can feel better, and feeling better is very important for me because everyday life is very difficult and problematic for people like me (people that have AuDHD) in this neurotypical society that we live in. I won’t get into all of the information that I’ve acquired so far because this would take up an entire post. But I will mention the most important supplements that I have. I still consider omega-3 supplements to be some of the best supplements in existence, but there is a more effective dopamine amplifier for people with ADHD out there. It’s called L-Tyrosine. There are dozens of dopamine amplifiers that one can purchase, but the amino acid L-Tyrosine is the most effective one that I’ve discovered so far. When it comes to something that can diminish the problems of autism during the day, my best discovery so far is the flavonoid Luteolin. Like many other supplements, Luteolin has more than one benefit. It may help manage chronic inflammation-related conditions such as pain, allergies, respiratory issues, and neuroinflammation. It scavanges free radicals and reactive oxygen species, protecting cells from oxidative stress. This contributes to potential benefits in cardiovascular health, liver protection, and aging-related damage. Luteolin crosses the blood-brain barrier, reducing brain inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative damage. It may protect against ischemia/reperfusion injury, atherosclerosis, and heart failure by improving contractility, reducing fibrosis, and blocking oxidative stress. It has anti-cancer potential because it inhibits tumor proliferation, induces apoptosis, and modulates pathways like PI3K/Akt and STAT3 in various cancers. It has anti-allergic effects (e.g., reducing histamine-related inflammation), wound healing effects, and antimicrobial/antiviral activity. Overall, Luteolin is the best supplement that I currently have. It helps me to feel calm, energetic, less depressed, and more willing to talk to neurotypicals and to deal with their shenanigans. Before I began consuming Luteolin a little while ago, I felt absolutely awful every day. Feeling awful every day is typical for people like me. But now I actually kind of look forward to the next day instead of dreading it. Another supplement that is essential for me when it comes to feeling better during the day is Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA). PEA helps with chronic and neuropathic pain relief, neuroprotection and brain health, and anti-inflammatory and immune modulation. It also contributes to improvements in irritable bowel syndrome, endometriosis-related pelvic pain, migraines, sleep disturbances linked to pain/stress, and even autism spectrum disorder symptoms. The last essential supplement for me is called Glycine. This amino acid is helpful when it comes to improved sleep quality. People with ADHD have a number of problems when it comes to sleeping normally (neurotypically). Glycine, when consumed before bed, reduces time to fall asleep, enhances deep sleep, and decreases daytime fatigue and sleepiness. It also provides anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, metabolic health support, mental health and neurological benefits, cardiovascular protection, and collagen and skin/joint health. Moreover, there’s some evidence that it reduces nighttime urinary frequency, that it protects the liver, and that it has longevity benefits. The other supplements that I’ve tried are mainly antioxidants such as Quercetin and Sulforaphane. I won’t get into the many benefits of consuming antioxidants in this post because they’re not as essential for my everyday well-being as the supplements that I’ve mentioned. Therefore, I will leave the information about antioxidants and the details of my everyday consumption routine for a future post. I spent several hundred dollars in the last few months on buying supplements that I didn’t know about before and testing them. This activity, in which I have been engaging on and off for more than a year, turned out to be well worth it. Since there’s no help or medicine for people with autism, as there are for people with other health conditions, supplements at least make life less unbearable. Anyway, the following are quotes from the sixth chapter, titled ‘The United States Succeeds to Industrial Leadership’. “Hog production is perhaps the most notable example, with the number of hogs slaughtered in Chicago alone increasing from 270,000 per year at the beginning of the war to a level of 900,000 at the end. Federal civil spending in the decade after the war (now including veterans benefits and interests payments on the debt) was approximately twice as high in real terms as it had been in the 1851-1860 decade. Increase of this magnitude carry a significance of their own. We should not lose sight of the transformative effects of the sheer scale of the Union war effort. During the period of the war itself, federal expenditures rose ten to fifteenfold in real terms. The army’s Quartermaster Department, growing from a skeleton force at the outset and independent of expenditures by other departments on ordnance and troop relations, was by the end of the war “consuming at least one-half the output of all northern industry” and spending at an annual level of nearly a half-billion dollars. While the initial weakening in the ranks of states’ rights advocates must be associated with the secession and the congressional acts and constitutional amendments that followed, the irreversibility of the trend away from those views must also owe something to increasing familiarity with, and consequently acceptance of, this previously undreamt-of scale of federal expenditures. Achieving such increases was more than a matter of simply ratcheting up the scale of existing practices. Intimately associated with them were technological advances associated with railroads and the telegraph, for example. These were absolutely indispensable in facilitating military planning, maintaining command-and-control, and executing logistical movements, throughout an enormous theater of war that was being conducted at new levels of complexity. The experience thus gained would be readily translatable into the increasingly national scale of corporate activities at war’s end. The supplying of army ordnance was technologically conservative but in other respects well managed. Difficulties with fusing impeded what might otherwise have been significant changes in the design and effectiveness of artillery, and repeating rifles, already known earlier and also of great potential importance, were introduced into service only belatedly and on a very limited scale. Relatively new technologies – steam power, screw propellors, armor plating and iron ships – impacted much more heavily on naval warfare. In Dupree’s judgment, the Navy’s record in supporting these new technologies with research and qualified management was an excellent one: “in no important way did they further the naval revolution, but to keep pace with it was a major accomplishment.” Again, it may well be that the power of a successful example of quick and resourceful innovation at a hitherto unanticipated scale was the key lesson that was later passed on to peacetime industrial enterprises. Across a wide range of industries, developments comparable to those in steel and fossil fuels were occurring in approximately the same period of time. Growing, mass markets, partly as a result of steeply reduced transportation costs, were for the first time making substantial economies of scale an attainable goal. They required in particular, however, massive investments and readiness to accept long time horizons. In addition, they called for entrepreneurial vision to be extended in a number of new directions: toward backward and forward integration, as we have noted; toward improved selection and training of managerial personnel; toward stability of full-production levels as a key cost-saving measure; toward greater and more continuous emphasis on product improvement; toward improved labor relations; and, not least, toward unprecedented attention to marketing considerations. Price reduction, on the other hand, for the most part was not a dominant goal. Instead, the industrial giants “competed for market share and profits through functional and strategic effectiveness. They did so functionally by improving their product, their processes of production, their marketing, their purchasing, and their labor relations, and strategically by moving into growing markets and out of declining ones more quickly and effectively, than did their competitors. The enormous size of the internal American market clearly presented special challenges and opportunities. This is nowhere more evident than in the chemical industry. Still of very minor proportions at the end of the Civil War, it was largely limited to explosives and fertilizer manufacture. Growing rapidly to meet the demand, it was comparable in size to German industry, the dominant force in international trade, already by the time of World War I. In recognition of the size and rapid growth of the U.S. market, especially in petroleum products, U.S. companies naturally focused on the special problems of introducing large-volume, continuous production and finding ways to take advantage of the potential economies of scale they offered. As L. H. Baekeland, the discoverer of bakelite, said of the transition he had to make from laboratory flasks to industrial-scale production of this synthetic resin not long after the turn of the century, “an entirely new industry had to be created for this purpose – the industry of chemical machinery and chemical equipment.” With heavy capital investment for new plant in prospect, fairly elementary laboratory problems of mixing, heating, and contaminant control became much more difficult to handle with precision and assurance of quality. This largely explains the distinctive existence in the United States of chemical engineering as a university-based discipline. Still, it needs to be recognized that profitability, not absolute market dominance, remained the major consideration. Chandler quotes a revealing letter advocating the policies that the E. I. du Pont de Nemours Powder Company would presently follow. It urged that the company not buy out all competition but only 60 percent or so, since by making unit costs for 60 percent cheaper they would be assured of stable sales in times of economic downturn at the expense of others: “In other words, you could count upon always running full if you make cheaply and control only 60%, whereas, if you own it all, when slack times came you could only run a curtailed product.” Thus “in the United States the structure of the new industries had become, with rare exceptions, oligopolistic, not monopolistic. This was partly because of the size of the marketplace and partly because of the antitrust legislation that reflected the commitment of Americans to competition as well as their suspicion of concentrated power. American railroads deserve to be considered as a final, and in many ways most significant, example of industrial and corporate growth. Alfred Chandler had demonstrated that “the great railway systems were by the 1890s the largest business enterprises not only in the United States but also in the world.” Thus they were unique in the size of their capital requirements, and hence in the role that financiers played in their management. Ultimately even more important, because they were widely emulated, were organizational advances in which the railroads “were the first because they had to be,” developing “a large internal organizational structure with carefully defined lines of responsibility, authority, and communication between the central office, departmental headquarters, and field units.” Railroad managers became the first such grouping to define themselves, and to be generally recognized, as career members of a new profession. Railroads had quickly become the central, all-weather component of a national transportation and communication infrastructure. Around them, depending on their right-of-way and facilities, grew up further, closely allied elements of that infrastructure: telegraph and telephone lines and the corporate giants controlling them; a national postal system; and, with frequently monumental urban railroad stations as key transfer points, the new and rapidly growing urban traction systems. Added to this mix by the end of the century was railroad ownership of the major domestic steamship lines. The total length of the networks of track that were placed in railroad service over successive periods of time can serve as a convenient index of aggregate railroad growth. Extensions of track naturally accompanied growth in areas calling for railroad services as incoming population claimed new lands for settlement. But no less importantly, the increasing density of the networks reflected the essential role that railroads had begun to fill in the movement and marketing of growing agricultural surpluses, internationally as well as in the cities of the eastern seaboard. The major epoch of railroad expansion came to an end at about the time of World War I. Albert Fishlow has shown that productivity improved on American railroads at a faster rate during the latter half of the nineteenth century than in any other industrial sector. He adduces many factors that were involved: economies of scale and specialization as trackage lengthened and firs consolidated; industrywide standardization; technological improvements (heavier rails and locomotives and larger rolling stock); and the growing experience of the railroad work force and management. By 1910 real freight rates had fallen more than 80 percent and passenger charges 50 percent from their 1849 levels. The multiplicity of factors accounting for the marked growth in railroad productivity parallels that in the steel and petroleum industries and is, in fact, a general characteristic of the period. As Robert Fogel has succeeded in demonstrating for American railroads (vis a vis canals in particular), "no single innovation was vital for economic growth during the nineteenth century." For the American economy more generally, he has reached the conclusion that "there was a multiplicity of solutions along a wide front of production problems." This implies that growth was a relatively balanced process, not dependent on breakthroughs brought about by "overwhelming, singular innovations" narrowly affecting only one or a few "leading sectors." How universally this applies is a separate question. I have concluded earlier that there was indeed a handful of key innovations and leading sectors of growth at the heart of the Industrial Revolution in England, and will presently argue that our current phase of growth is heavily dependent on a few technological innovations like semiconductors and the computer industry they led to."

Just finished watching Wicked: For Good (2025) and The Shining (1980)...

Just finished watching The Housemaid (2025) and Zootopia 2 (2025)...

when the restoration "ruins" the film

sup nerds. Stanley Kubrick's final film, Eyes Wide Shut, recently got a 4K Criterion release. This restoration proved to be quite divisive online, sparking a debate as to which version was superior. Is the new colour grading and added film grain an improvement, or does it take away from the dreamy feel of the original Blu-ray? Let's compare the two to see why they look so different.
Hope you all enjoy :)

Now reading Monuments Of Civilization: Maya by Pierre Ivanoff...

Now listening to Armageddon by various artists and The Legend Of Zelda: Tears Of The Kingdom by Manaka Kataoka, Maasa Miyoshi, Masato Ohashi & Tsukasa Usui...

On Pacific Boulevard in Yaletown. Summer of 2017.

Pacific Boulevard runs along the northern edge of False Creek, a central waterway in Vancouver, and serves as a defining boundary for Yaletown. The neighborhood itself is roughly bounded by Nelson, Homer, Drake, and Pacific streets, as noted in the history provided by the Roundhouse Community Centre. Pacific Boulevard is a bustling corridor that connects Yaletown to other parts of downtown Vancouver, sitting between the Granville Street and Cambie Street bridges. It’s a major thoroughfare that offers both practical access and a scenic backdrop with views of False Creek.

Yaletown, including the area around Pacific Boulevard, has a rich history tied to Vancouver’s development. According to the Roundhouse Community Centre, the area was initially shaped by the arrival of the Canadian Pacific Railway in 1887. By 1900, the city planned a new eight-block warehouse district in what is now recognized as modern Yaletown, with Pacific Boulevard marking its southern edge. Back then, this area was a hub for processing, repackaging, and warehousing goods, thanks to its proximity to the railway and waterfront. It remained largely industrial until the late 20th century.

The transformation of Yaletown—and Pacific Boulevard by extension—began in the late 1970s and 1980s when young urban professionals started moving in, drawn by the affordable and attractive old warehouses. The area’s revitalization kicked into high gear after Expo 86, the world’s fair held in Vancouver, which turned Yaletown into a festival site and sparked widespread redevelopment. Today, Pacific Boulevard is part of a neighborhood known for its mix of art galleries, retail stores, restaurants, and residential towers, as described in the same historical overview.

Pacific Boulevard is home to several notable spots. David Lam Park, 1300 Pacific Boulevard, is a 12-acre park located right on Pacific Boulevard. It’s a large open space adjacent to Yaletown. It’s a popular spot for events, especially in spring and summer, and offers a place to relax with views of False Creek. The park hosts events like the annual lantern procession and “Labyrinth of Light” around December 21st, organized by the Roundhouse Community Centre. Roundhouse Community Centre is located near Pacific Boulevard. This centre is a hub for community activities and events, reflecting the area’s evolution from industrial to cultural. It’s tied to the history of Yaletown and often organizes events that spill into nearby spaces like David Lam Park. The street is dotted with businesses catering to both locals and visitors. For example, Atlantis Dental Yaletown at 1278 Pacific Boulevard offers dental services with extended hours (8:00 AM to 8:00 PM, Monday to Wednesday). Similarly, P Nails & Spa at 1271 Pacific Boulevard, formerly Posy Fingers & Toes Spa, provides nail and spa services, reflecting the area’s focus on lifestyle and wellness.

Today, Pacific Boulevard in Yaletown is a lively, pedestrian-friendly area that reflects the neighborhood’s “trendy” reputation. It’s a mix of modern high-rises, converted warehouses, and green spaces, with a strong emphasis on urban living. The street itself is a blend of functionality—connecting key parts of downtown—and leisure, with proximity to parks, dining, and cultural spots. It’s a hotspot for both residents and tourists, especially given its location near False Creek, which offers scenic views and access to seawall pathways for walking or cycling.

Pacific Boulevard is easily accessible via public transit, with the Yaletown-Roundhouse SkyTrain station nearby on the Canada Line. It’s also a short walk from downtown Vancouver. The area is active throughout the day, with businesses like Atlantis Dental operating from 8:00 AM to 8:00 PM, and the park and seawall drawing crowds for recreation at all hours. As noted, David Lam Park hosts seasonal events, making Pacific Boulevard a focal point for community gatherings, especially in warmer months or during festivals like the winter solstice lantern procession. Pacific Boulevard in Yaletown is a dynamic street that encapsulates the neighborhood’s evolution from an industrial warehouse district to a trendy urban hub. It’s a place where history, modernity, and community intersect, offering a mix of green spaces, cultural activities, and lifestyle amenities.

 

The economic power of the Southern Rim

Kern River Valley, California by Albert Bierstadt, 1871

I am currently reading ‘Power Shift: The Rise of the Southern Rim and Its Challenge to the Eastern Establishment’ (1975) by Kirkpatrick Sale. I bought this book at a rather small store where used books are sold, among other things. It has been a rather interesting book for me right from the beginning. Therefore, I will post some quotes from it already. “If the Southern Rim were an independent nation, it would have a gross national product bigger than any foreign country in the world except the Soviet Union - it stood at some $312 billion in 1970, is probably closer to $400 billion today - and bigger than that of the United Kingdom, Italy, Sweden, and Norway combined. It would have more cars (43 million) and more telephones (38 million) than any foreign nation (more than the United Kingdom, France, and Germany combined), and more housing units (22 million), more television sets (25 million), and more miles of paved highway (1.1 million) than any nation except the Soviet Union. It would, in short, be a world power on the scale of the present superpowers. Which is only one way of dramatizing the enormous economic importance of the Southern Rim, an importance all the more remarkable in that it has come about only in the last thirty years, changing the pleasant little backwaters and half-grown cities into an industrial and financial colossus. The explanation of that remarkable growth is that, to an unusual extent, almost all of the general trends in the American economy since 1945 have been more to the benefit of the Southern Rim than any other section of the country. There is a broadly metaphorical but rather apt way of describing these rival power bases, the one of the Northeast and the other of the Southern Rim, as the yankees and the cowboys. Taken loosely, that is meant to suggest the traditional, staid, old-time, button-down, Ivy-League, tight-lipped, patrician, New England-rooted WASP culture on the one hand, and the aggressive, flamboyant, restless, swaggering, newfangled, open-collar, can-do, Southern-rooted Baptist culture of the Southern Rim on the other; on the one hand, let us say, the type represented by David Rockefeller, Charles Percy, Edmund Muskie, James Reston, Kingman Brewster, John Lindsay, Richard Lugar, Henry Ford, Sol Linowitz, Bill Buckley, and Stephen Sondheim, and on the other the type personified by Bebe Rebozo, George Wallace, Lyndon Johnson, Billy Graham, Frank Irwin, C. Arnholt Smith, H. L. Hunt, Strom Thurmond, Sam Yorty, John Wayne, and Johnny Cash. The terms are meant only in the loosest and most symbolic way, of course - flamboyant operators can be found in the Northeast, staid blue-bloods in the Southern Rim - but it is interesting that they even have an appropriate heritage in this very context. “Cowboys” was the epithet used by the Wall Street people who first ran up against some of the newly powerful Texas entrepreneurs, broad-rimmed hats and tooled-leather boots and all, when they started throwing their weight around in Eastern financial circles in the late 1950s and early 1960s - during the fierce battle, for example, between the Texas millionaires Clint Murchison and Sid Richardson and Pennsylvania’s patrician Allen Kirby for control of the Allegheny Corporation and the New York Central Railroad in 1961. “Yankee,” the invective which goes back to the days of the Civil War to describe Northerners in general, was naturally the word with which the newcomers responded, at least back home in the boardrooms and bars. The first and most important trend was obviously that of the population migrations. From 1945 to 1975, the Southern Rim underwent the most massive population expansion in history, from about 40 million people to nearly 80 million people in just three decades, giving the area today a population greater than all but seven foreign countries. Thanks to a complexity of factors - a hospitable climate, the development of air conditioning, water reclamation projects, available space for commercial and private building, the new technologies of communication and transportation - industries and individuals alike poured into new territories of the Rim. Every single one of the fifteen cowboy states grew during this period, some quite spectacularly - Texas by over 100 percent to become the third largest state, California by 200 percent, to become the largest state of all, Florida by 400 percent, Arizona and Nevada by more than 450 percent - and as a whole they have consistently made up nearly half of the growth that the nation as a whole has undergone. Migrations every year since World War II have poured millions of new people into the area - on average about 650,000 newcomers every year, turning bucolic farmlands into sprawling suburbs and little crossroads cowtowns into gleaming metropolitan centers. The cities have grown unlike any urban areas in the world, 500 and 800 and 1,000 percent in just this thirty-year span - Fort Lauderdale from 18,000 to 150,000, Huntsville from 13,000 to 140,000, Houston from 385,000 to 1,400,000, Phoenix from 65,000 to 755,000, San Jose from 68,000 to 446,000, incredible urban explosions right across the Rim - and today there are actually more cities over 100,000 people in this area than there are in the Northeast. Nor does this development show any signs of slackening, despite the economic downturn, despite the efforts of “no-growth” lobbies: the most recent statistics show that the Southern Rim continues to grow about three times as fast as the whole rest of the country combined, and even modest projections suggest that the region will have 83.7 million people by 1980. According to the demographers, never in the history of the world has a region of such size developed at such a rate for so long a time. The second decisive economic trend of this period has been the transformation brought about by the sophisticated new technology developed since World War II. In broad terms there has been a shift from the traditional heavy manufacturing long associated with the Industrial Belt of the Northeast to the new technological industries that have grown up in the Southern Rim - aerospace, defense, electronics - and from the dependency upon railroad transportation to the growth of air and highway transportation, both relatively more important in the Southern Rim. Similarly, in the use of natural resources there has been a development away from coal and heavy metals such as iron and steel, the resources of the Northeast, toward oil and natural gas and the light metals such as aluminum and titanium, the products of the Southern Rim. And in agriculture, new technologies have favored large-scale and often corporate farming, advantageous particularly where space in plentiful, growing seasons are long, and the crops are suitable, and that turns out to be the Southern Rim. Finally, trends in employment patterns over this thirty-year period have also tended to tilt things toward the cowboy economy. The single most important development has been the gradual decrease in blue-collar industrial workers - these the backbone of the Industrial Belt - and the sharp increase in service and government workers - these the ones most important in the newly populated states with expanding governments and in the tourist-and-retirement areas like Florida, Texas, Arizona, and Southern California; especially in the booming new Rim cities, service employment has enormously increased, in fact by more than 70 percent over the last twenty years, as against 6 percent in the older cities of the Northeast. In like nature, the employment shifts brought about by postwar programs of paid retirement, the expansion of Social Security, and union-won benefits for longer vacations and shorter hours have all meant more earlier retirements to the sunnier parts of the land and more emphasis upon climatic amenities as an inducement for resettlement of the labor force. Indeed, if any one industry can be said to be the backbone of the Southern Rim, it is defense. The decade of its initial postwar impact, from about 1952 through 1962 - that is, the period of the Korean War and the Cold War buildup, but before the Vietnam acceleration - has been studied in detail by a Brookings Institution economist, Roger Bolton. According to his findings, the overall contribution of defense to the total income of individual states was startlingly large - particularly in the Pacific Region (especially Southern California) and the Mountain Region (primarily Arizona and New Mexico), where it also accounted for 21 and 27 percent, respectively, of the economic growth of those areas, and in the South Atlantic Region and the Middle South, where it was responsible for 3 and 10 percent of the growth. At the same time, he figures a negative impact in the Northeast, where he finds that cuts in defense spending held back the Middle Atlantic region by 3 percent and the Great Lakes area by a significant 21 percent. As to individual states, the ones that saw a gain of 20 percent or more as a result of defense expenditures were California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Mississippi in the Rim, only New Hampshire in the Northeast, and Utah, Colorado, and Kansas; such states as Michigan, Wisconsin, and Indiana actually had negative growth rates. But in the second decade - the years of Vietnam and the moondoggle - the effect was even greater. During those years the balance of Pentagon prime contracts shifted sharply to the Southern Rim, with the percentages mounting every year, until by 1970 its states accounted for 44.1 percent of all the money going to the defense industry, the Northeast only 38.9 percent. Texas surpassed New York as the number two state behind California, and those two between them accounted for 28 percent of the contracts, more than twice as much as the next two states, New York and Illinois. By 1970, too, the Rim had five of the top ten states in terms of total Department of Defense spending (California, Texas, Georgia, Florida, and North Carolina), four of the top five states in aerospace funding (California, Texas, Florida, and Alabama), and four of the top five states in Atomic Energy Commission grants (New Mexico, California, Tennessee, and Nevada). The number of major defense installations (military bases, missile sites, etc.) in the Southern Rim had grown to 142 more than all the rest of the nation put together, and 82 more than were located in the Northeast. Defense Department payrolls by 1970 were also concentrated in the Rim: military salaries went primarily to California, Texas, Virginia, North Carolina, Florida, and Georgia, in that order, and military and civilian payrolls together amounted to more than $10 billion in the Rim, more than all the other states combined. And Pentagon research-and-development funds - the seed money that creates new technologies and industries - were concentrated in the Southern Rim, which had 49 percent of the funds as against just 35 percent for the Northeast. Today the repercussions of military money upon the once-placid Rim are evident everywhere. It is a commonplace that California is a heavily saturated defense area - especially around Los Angeles, where no fewer than seventy firms depend upon Pentagon prime contracts - and that it receives about a quarter of the total defense dollar all by itself; Texas, too, what with the Houston Space Center and major firms like LTV and Convair, has long been identified with the new Washington money. But few realize that even in such states as Louisiana, Georgia, Mississippi, Tennessee, and New Mexico, the defense industry is the single largest employer, an economic presence with enormous ramifications. Take New Mexico, for example. Without defense, it would still probably be a land of Indians and Chicanos - a reversion to which condition those two groups would no doubt welcome - instead of one of the nation’s fastest-growing states. It has eight major defense installations (including the White Sands Missile Range, the site of the first atomic bomb test), a dozen important research centers (including the Los Alamos and Sandia laboratories), and several dozen corporate defense contractors (including AT&T’s Sandia Corporation and United Nuclear). It gets more money from the AEC than any other state and almost as much from the Pentagon, together amounting to some $750 million a year - which works out to about $2,500 for every single family in the state. (The military loves the place so much that even the Navy spends money there - some $11 million a year - even though the state is completely landlocked and there’s not even a lake big enough to spit in.) And its industry is dominated by defense work, responsible for half of all employment and by itself the largest manufacturing sector in the state’s economy. It seems entirely fitting, if nonetheless gruesome, that one little New Mexico schoolchild after a visit to the Atomic Museum at Kirtland Air Force Base should write to the curator, “You have nice rockets and nice bombs. Thank you.” The industrial aspect of defense spending, though only one part of the total defense cornucopia, has been especially significant in the Southern Rim, inasmuch as it has been largely responsible for building the manufacturing substructure of the region. From 1965, thanks partly to Lyndon Johnson’s ascendancy, Southern Rim firms have gotten a greater percentage of Pentagon contracts than any other section of the country, an influx of $15 billion or so a year. And defense contractors, it should be noted, are in a uniquely strong economic position, with advantages not shared by the older, more conventional industries. They depend upon public money, from a Washington fountainhead that just never runs dry, and they are in the happy position of being able to tap it for practically as much as they want. Defense firms just don’t work like other firms. Since 1950, for example, 86 percent of their contracts with the Pentagon have been signed without competitive bidding, but simply through secret negotiations between military brass and industrial management, meaning that even firms with high bids can continue to get lucrative jobs, and certain favored contractors - Lockheed and Litton are familiar examples - can go on getting lucrative jobs even when their past performances would argue that they shouldn’t be given a contract to put stamps on envelopes. Defense contractors have other gimmicks, too: they are given the use of some $45 billion in plant and equipment in what amounts to a tax-free government loan; they are permitted to exercise cost-plus banditry through the so-called “golden handshake” clauses that provide that the government bails out any company whose costs run over a projected level; and they are permitted by the government to make exorbitant profits as a matter of course, often in excess of 50 percent and sometimes more than 500 percent (when a 20 percent profit would be considered good in most other manufacturing). All in all, no other business does quite as well as the defense business, and its preponderance in the Southern Rim has almost by itself allowed that region to develop the industrial might that today can challenge the traditional industrial power of the Northeast. One part of the defense industry that has been particularly glamorous in recent decades is aerospace and electronics, but that is actually just a part of the whole range of modern scientific and engineering businesses - including computers, calculators, semiconductors, scientific instruments, magnetic recordings, and much else besides - which can broadly be called the technology industry. Given its unquestioned importance now, even more outside of the defense industry than in it, and its assured centrality in any future industrial development, it seems reasonable to regard this as a separate economic pillar."

Elizabeth Taylor remembered by Philip French

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2011/mar/27/elizabeth-taylor-tribute-philip-french

Philip French remembers the child star turned Oscar-winning actress, who was as celebrated as much for her tempestuous relationships as her movies.

For people like myself, born in Britain in the inter-war years and growing up during the second world war, Elizabeth Taylor will always be thought of as the youngest of four British evacuees who brought their immaculate English accents to Hollywood and became an essential part of a corner of Tinseltown that was forever England. She and Peter Lawford were transported across the Atlantic by their parents as war clouds gathered over Europe and were put under contract by MGM in the early 1940s. Roddy McDowall followed when bombs began to fall on Britain, as did Angela Lansbury who was also signed by MGM. McDowall was the first to attain stardom, playing the Welsh miner's son in How Green Was My Valley and then appearing in MGM's children's classic, Lassie Come Home, in which Taylor had her first significant role. It was the beginning of a lifelong friendship and McDowall became her closest confidant.

Taylor, Lawford and McDowall were all in the tribute to British fortitude, The White Cliffs of Dover (1944), and the 12-year-old Taylor became a star as the farmer's daughter who triumphed at Aintree in National Velvet, with Lansbury as her elder sister. Lawford gave Taylor her first screen kiss at 16, an innocent enough peck, and although it's said that Taylor's mother rather fancied the idea of a courtship between the two, an order went out from MGM's boss Louis B Mayer that a romance should be discouraged. Taylor later said of Lawford: "Peter, to me, is the last word in sophistication and so terribly handsome." They did work together again on the glossy 1949 version of Little Women, in which Taylor played Amy March, and they remained close friends until his death.

McDowall became a leading character actor (he appeared with Lansbury in the 1971 Disney movie Bedknobs and Broomsticks) and a highly regarded photographer. Lawford was a member of the Kennedy clan and the Sinatra Rat Pack but ended up as a seedy alcoholic. Lansbury continues to be one of the most respected actors of her time. Taylor was later to be reunited on screen with McDowall in Cleopatra (1963), where he played Octavian, and with Lansbury in The Mirror Crack'd, when she played second fiddle as a faded Hollywood diva to Lansbury's Miss Marple. But she was the only one of this close-knit quartet to become a major screen star, one of the last to be created by the old studio system. She remained under contract to MGM until 1960, winning her first Oscar for her final movie there, the melodrama Butterfield 8.

Taylor was small (5ft 2in), dark-haired, her eyes a striking violet, her eyebrows unfashionably thick, her eyelashes as seductively employed as a courtesan's fan, and she was beautiful in different ways at various stages of her 70-year career, although her weight fluctuated alarmingly later in life. In 1941, the head of Universal Studios, when deciding not to renew Taylor's contract after her first film there, told her agent: "She can't sing, she can't act, she can't dance, she can't perform. What's more, her mother has to be the most unbearable woman it has been my displeasure to meet." This is rather like the infamous judgment on Fred Astaire's first screen test and similarly misses the point. Taylor from the start had a rare intensity, sincerity, confidence and vulnerability, and she was blessed with that indefinable, attention-grabbing presence we call charisma.

She was never out of the limelight as an actress or a celebrity from childhood until the end of her life. But her finest work was done early on, up until the late 1950s, when she was least conscious of acting. During this period she appeared as Spencer Tracy and Joan Bennett's daughter in Minnelli's Father of the Bride (1950); the entrancing object of the sad, social-climbing blue-collar Montgomery Clift in A Place in the Sun, and the strong city girl brought to Texas by rancher Rock Hudson in Giant, both directed by George Stevens; and in versions of two Tennessee Williams plays in which she was respectively the wife and the intimate cousin of a closeted gay, Cat On a Hot Tin Roof (1958) and Suddenly, Last Summer (1959).

When the 17-year-old hero and his girlfriend go to the cinema in small-town 1951 Texas in Peter Bogdanovich's The Last Picture Show, they see Taylor in Father of the Bride: she is clearly the belle idéale of postwar America. The iconic shot of her in a white bathing suit in Suddenly, Last Summer is famously ravishing and has a particular poignancy when one considers that in the scene from which it comes she's being exploited as bait to attract young men to her homosexual cousin. In fact, throughout her life she had a special affinity with gay men (McDowall, Clift and Hudson were also close confidants) and seemed happiest and most relaxed in their company. She was among the first celebrities to play a prominent role in promoting public consciousness over Aids and then raising money for HIV-related charities.

Taylor was praised as a child and adolescent, but from the early 50s until Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? it was customary for serious critics to regard her with patronising contempt. Variety said of A Place in the Sun that "the histrionics are of a quality so far beyond anything she has done previously that Stevens must be credited with a minor miracle". The acerbic Dwight Macdonald reviewing Suddenly, Last Summer in Esquire ironically complimented Joseph L Mankiewicz for his "directorial triumph: he has somehow extracted from Elizabeth Taylor a mediocre performance, which is a definite step-up in her dramatic career". Such reviews may well have been affected by the critics' refusal to respond to her beauty and magic spell. This must have been deeply dispiriting, especially as she was aware, we now know, of how mediocre the films MGM put her into were.

Since a riding accident during the shooting of National Velvet, Taylor was to be dogged by ill health, ranging from back problems to heart disease and cancer. The sympathy this attracted coexisted with a more mixed response to her succession of marriages, eight in all, to seven husbands. The public felt deeply for her when her third husband, the flamboyant Mike Todd was killed in a plane crash after little more than a year of marriage. But this rapidly changed. A few months later, she was widely depicted as a brazen predator after stealing Eddie Fisher from Debbie Reynolds, whose seemingly perfect marriage had been thought of as the most emblematic of the Eisenhower era. Another couple of years on, she became the century's most publicised Jezebel when she ditched Fisher during the filming of Cleopatra in the early 1960s and embarked on an affair with the married Richard Burton.

Cleopatra, in fact, was a turning point for her and a landmark in the history of Hollywood. She became the first star to be paid more than a million dollars, the film became legendary for its chaotic production history, and it made Taylor and Burton the most notorious lovers of the 20th century. They were as extravagant, reckless and wilful as the historical character they were playing on screen. The affair and the marriage made her determined to make her mark as a serious actress, a worthy partner to Burton. Some observers, however, see this as having a seriously detrimental effect on her work.

Over the next decade, Burton and Taylor were more celebrated for their vulgar ostentation and public rows than for their work. After Cleopatra, they appeared together in a further 10 films, most mirroring their marriage. Among them were The Sandpiper, in which liberated artist Taylor lures vicar-schoolteacher Burton off the straight and narrow; The Taming of the Shrew, which parallels their own tempestuous courtship; and the 1973 TV film, Divorce His-Divorce Hers, that more or less describes their final break-up. When they had come together after their divorce for a second brief marriage, an American columnist observed: "Sturm has remarried Drang". The one truly successful film of this period is Mike Nichols's version of Edward Albee's Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?, where a middle-aged academic couple tear each other apart in a manner reminiscent of Strindberg at his most atrabilious. Both gave raw, revealing performances.

Virginia Woolf brought Taylor her second Oscar, but her screen career from that point on can be seen as a downhill journey and the public tired of Burton and Taylor. She was very good in John Huston's Reflections in a Golden Eye opposite Marlon Brando, but it was not popular, and most of her films thereafter failed to secure a wide release or went straight to graveyard slots on TV. At least two, however, are worthy of attention: Boom! and Secret Ceremony, both British films directed by Joseph Losey in 1968. After the 70s, only two of her pictures were widely seen: The Mirror Crack'd (1980), the poorest of a British series of Agatha Christie period whodunits, and her final theatrical film, playing Pearl Slaghoople, in The Flintstones (1994), a live-action, one-joke movie spin-off from the 60s TV cartoon series. It was a sad end to her big-screen career, though she did a deal of TV, including Malice in Wonderland (1985), a docudrama about Hollywood gossip columnists in which she plays Louella Parsons.

In those last couple of decades Elizabeth Taylor became a heroic coper with ill health, a supporter of good causes, and a vociferously loyal friend to, among others, Michael Jackson. She couldn't shift tickets at the box office, but she was in demand as a star and a celebrity on the cover of popular magazines. She was always a dual national, born in Britain of American parents, and thus eligible to become a Dame of the British Empire in 2000.

Her only stage appearances were starring opposite Burton in Private Lives, Coward's bittersweet comedy of marriage and divorce that perfectly reflected their relationship, and as the southern bitch Regina in a 1981 revival of Lillian Hellman's The Little Foxes, the London version of which showed up the inadequacy of her stagecraft. But in looking at her life towards the end she invoked one of the greatest female roles of the 20th century: "I'm Mother Courage, baby, I've been through it all."

So how will history judge her? In 1999, the American Film Institute, after an earnest weighing of evidence over performance, reputation, influence and so on, came up with a list of more than 100 film actresses who might be considered female screen legends. They submitted it to a carefully chosen selection of professionals from all branches of the film industry. Taylor was placed seventh, just ahead of Judy Garland, Marlene Dietrich and Joan Crawford and behind Katharine Hepburn, Bette Davis, Audrey Hepburn, Ingrid Bergman, Greta Garbo and Marilyn Monroe. This seems, for the moment, a satisfactory seating arrangement in the cinematic pantheon.

Just finished watching Once Upon A Time In China (1991) and Border River (1954)...

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The Weight of a Day: Masking, Burnout, and the Need for Restorative Spaces | NeurodiverseNights Blog

https://www.neurodiversenights.com/blog/weight-of-a-day-masking/

For many neurodivergent individuals, navigating a world primarily designed for neurotypical brains involves an often invisible, yet immense, effort: masking. Masking (or camouflaging) involves consciously or unconsciously suppressing natural neurodivergent traits, behaviours, or stims, and performing neurotypical social behaviours to fit in, avoid negative judgment, or simply manage daily interactions.

While sometimes a necessary survival strategy, masking comes at a significant cost. It requires constant monitoring, calculation, and suppression of authentic self-expression. This sustained effort consumes vast amounts of cognitive and emotional energy, contributing significantly to fatigue, overwhelm, and, over time, burnout.

Masking can involve things like:

- Forcing eye contact when it feels uncomfortable or overwhelming.
- Suppressing natural stims (like hand flapping, rocking, pacing).
- Mimicking facial expressions or tones of voice considered "appropriate."
- Carefully planning and rehearsing conversational scripts.
- Pushing through sensory sensitivities without comment or accommodation.
- Hiding intense interests or avoiding info-dumping.
- Constantly monitoring oneself to ensure behaviour aligns with perceived norms.

Each of these acts, multiplied throughout the day, adds to an enormous mental load.

When we expend so much energy just navigating the day, it's no wonder that the need for rest becomes profound. The exhaustion isn't just physical; it's deep cognitive and emotional fatigue. This highlights why simply being told to "Just Relax" can feel so inadequate.

The recovery needed goes beyond simple sleep. It requires spaces and times where the mask can truly come off, where energy isn't spent on performance, and where the nervous system can down-regulate without judgment. This is where the concept of a sensory-friendly relaxation space becomes not just a nicety, but a necessity.

Your restorative space is where you can:

- Engage in comfortable sensory input (soft textures, dim lights, calming sounds).
- Allow natural stims and movements without self-consciousness.
- Engage with interests without needing to filter or moderate enthusiasm.
- Simply *be* without the pressure of social performance.
- Listen to affirming content, like NeurodiverseNights stories that embrace different ways of being.

Recognizing the toll of masking validates the deep need for authentic rest and recovery. Prioritizing the creation of safe, low-demand environments – physical, temporal, and relational – where you can unmask and recharge is not an indulgence; it's crucial for sustainable well-being in a world that often demands conformity.

These Are the 16 Strongest Antioxidants to Add to Your Diet

https://www.byrdie.com/strongest-antioxidants-5209114

Eating a balanced meal is hard can be challenging, but it’s not impossible. Maybe you’re pretty satisfied with your diet and you’re just looking to incorporate some extra punches of nutrition to your day-to-day snacks. Maybe you’re unhappy with your current diet, and you’re looking to make smaller, more measured changes that will be easier to stick to overtime. Either way you’re coming at it, it's always a great idea to incorporate more antioxidants in your diet.

“An antioxidant is a naturally occurring compound found in vitamins and minerals that combat free radicals in the body,” says Meryl Pritchard, a nutritionist and wellness chef. “Free radicals are a natural byproduct when we convert food into energy, and also come from outside sources like environmental toxins found in our air, water, food, and cleaning/beauty supplies. Free radicals can be harmful because they may have the ability to damage our DNA structure, and in large amounts can cause oxidative stress which can lead to disease.

"Antioxidant basically means anti-oxidation. You can think of oxidation as rusting, or aging in the body, caused by free radicals," she continues. "Antioxidants combat these free radicals—safely removing them from our body, help the processing of repairing our DNA, and keep cells healthy. It’s easiest for us to consume antioxidants in their natural form through our food.”

Luckily, you don't have to take sketchy supplements to increase your antioxidant intake. “Antioxidants are naturally found in plants,” says Isabel K. Smith, a registered dietitian. “Fruits, vegetables, nuts, and other plant compounds all contain antioxidants, and the color of the plant dictates the type of antioxidant present.”

Convinced you should start adding more antioxidants to your diet? Same. So ahead, Pritchard, Smith, and registered dietitian Lisa Moskovitz share the most powerful antioxidants and their sources. 

Meet the Experts
Lisa Moskovitz, RD is a registered dietitian and the CEO of NY Nutrition Group. She is also a medical expert board member for Eat This Not That.
Meryl Pritchard is a certified nutritionist and wellness chef based in Los Angeles, CA, Pritchard is also the founder of KORE Kitchen. 
Isabel K Smith, MS, RD, CDN is the CEO and founder of Isabel Smith Nutrition. Isabel holds a registered dietitian license and a Masters of Science in Nutrition Communications from Tufts University.

Beta Cerotene
“This is an essential vitamin that directly promotes eye health,” says Moskowitz. Carrots are rich in the antioxidant beta carotene, which our bodies convert to vitamin A. “An easy way to remember this is if you cut a carrot in half across the width, it almost appears like an eye," notes Moskowitz. 

Vitamin E
Moskowitz praises the benefits of vitamin E at length. “This fat-soluble antioxidant stops the production of cell-damaging oxidative stress in the body that can lead to chronic diseases, such as heart disease. Vitamin E can also support your immune system," she says, noting that vegetable oils—including sunflower and safflower oils, nuts, and seeds—are the best sources of this important vitamin. Smith also recommends including almonds and avocados to get more vitamin E. 

Vitamin C
“Not only does vitamin C help to balance our immune system, but it can also neutralize free radical molecules, protecting the body against oxidative damage,” says Moskowitz. It’s found in most fruits and vegetables, but if broccoli or oranges aren’t your jam, don’t worry—cacao is also a very potent source of vitamin C. (According to Pritchard, cacao has even more vitamin C than most berries.) 

Resveratrol
“This powerful polyphenol has a ton of health benefits,” says Moskowitz. “These include protecting against heart disease, lowering cholesterol, improving skin firmness, and even helping with blood sugars or insulin levels. Resveratrol is naturally found in smaller amounts within the skins of red grapes (and therefore red wine), blueberries, and peanuts. An easy way to work it into your diet is with Naomi Citrus Bergamot capsules. 

Quercetin
Quercetin is a source of one of the most abundant dietary flavonoids. “Quercetin has been linked to improving exercise performance, reducing inflammation, and regulating blood pressure,” says Moskowitz. She says that it can also be used for hay fever, asthma, gout, and chronic fatigue syndrome under the recommendation and supervision of a physician. Quercetin is a plant-pigment and flavonoid found naturally in fruits, vegetables, and plants. It can be consumed orally as a supplement and applied topically through skincare products for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

Selenium
This trace mineral plays an important role in immune system function, DNA synthesis, metabolism, and can also support thyroid health,” says Moskowitz. “Brazil nuts are by far the best source of this essential antioxidant. One brazil nut can provide you with all the selenium you need for the day. Otherwise, most animal proteins like chicken, beef, and fish also provide a great source of selenium.” 

CoQ10
“Coenzyme Q10 is an antioxidant that our body produces naturally, and it's vital for cell growth and repair," says Moskowitz. "Levels naturally decrease as we age, and lower CoQ10 circulation can increase susceptibility to oxidative stress, especially through sun damage. The best sources of CoQ10 are organ meats, some muscle meats such as pork or chicken, fatty fish including trout and herring, spinach, strawberries, and lentils.” 

Catechins
Catechins are types of flavanols that have strong antioxidant properties. One of the best-studied catechins is EGCG (epigallocatechin gallate), which is found naturally in teas, such as green, black, and white. Both Smith and Moskowitz say that EGCG has a profound impact on inflammation and oxidative stress. 

Anthocyanins
As members of the flavonoid group, anthocyanins are what give certain foods their natural blue, red, or purple color. For that reason, Moskowitz says that the best sources of anthocyanins include blackberries, blueberries, cranberries, cherries, red cabbage, and blackcurrants. Pritchard also recommends acai as another source of anthocyanins. Not only do they have antioxidant properties that can improve vascular health and lower blood pressure, but they are also anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial. 

Lypocene
This antioxidant is best found in tomatoes and other red or pink fruits. According to Smith, it is anti-inflammatory, heart-healthy, and is great for skin health. She says that the best way to get lycopene is to eat watermelon or cooked tomatoes. 

Lutein
Moskowitz says that lutein can directly enhance eye and skin health. This antioxidant can protect against sun damage to your skin and improve vision. The best sources of lutein include spinach, kiwis, grapes, zucchini, and various types of squash. 

Curcumin
Pritchard recommends adding turmeric into your diet, a powerful source of curcumin. Curcumin is a very potent anti-inflammatory, which can help manage chronic diseases like inflammatory bowel disease.

Sulforaphane
According to Smith, sulforaphane is anti-inflammatory and helps to protect DNA. She recommends sourcing it from cruciferous vegetables like kale, cabbage, and cauliflower. 

Chlorogenic Acid
The name might sound unfamiliar, but you’re probably already getting it everyday, in your morning cup of coffee. Chlorogenic acid is found alongside caffeine in coffee, and Smith encourages consuming chlorogenic acid as it may promote heart health. While you may be getting some chlogenic acid through that morning cup of joe, Smith says that it’s best found in artichoke hearts, and that streaming the hearts allows for the most antioxidants to appear.” 

Kaempferol
Smith says that kaempferol may be anti-inflammatory and is healthful for DNA. It’s found in high concentrations in leafy greens and ramps. 

Beta-Cryptoxanthin
Considering how much of our lives are consumed by staring at screens for school, work, and leisure, Smith recommends consuming beta-cryptoxanthin, which may be helpful with eyesight, growth and development, and immune response. It’s found in papayas, peaches, and tangerines!

Now listening to The Legend of Zelda: Breath Of The Wild by Manaka Kataoka, Yasuaki Iwata & Hajime Wakai and Boz Scaggs by Boz Scaggs...

On Georgia Street in Downtown Vancouver. Autumn of 2020.

Georgia Street is an east–west street in the cities of Vancouver and Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada. Its section in Downtown Vancouver, designated West Georgia Street, serves as one of the primary streets for the financial and central business districts, and is the major transportation corridor connecting downtown Vancouver with the North Shore (and eventually Whistler) by way of the Lions Gate Bridge. The remainder of the street, known as East Georgia Street between Main Street and Boundary Road and simply Georgia Street within Burnaby, is more residential in character, and is discontinuous at several points.

West of Seymour Street, the thoroughfare is part of Highway 99. The entire section west of Main Street was previously designated part of Highway 1A, and markers for the '1A' designation can still be seen at certain points. 

Starting from its western terminus at Chilco Street by the edge of Stanley Park, Georgia Street runs southeast, separating the West End from the Coal Harbour neighbourhood. It then runs through the Financial District; landmarks and major skyscrapers along the way include Living Shangri-La (the city's tallest building), Trump International Hotel and Tower, Royal Centre, 666 Burrard tower, Hotel Vancouver and upscale shops, the HSBC Canada Building, the Vancouver Art Gallery, Georgia Hotel, Four Seasons Hotel, Pacific Centre, the Granville Entertainment District, Scotia Tower, and the Canada Post headquarters. The eastern portion of West Georgia features the Theatre District (including Queen Elizabeth Theatre and the Centre in Vancouver for the Performing Arts), Library Square (the central branch of the Vancouver Public Library), Rogers Arena, and BC Place. West Georgia's centre lane between Pender Street and Stanley Park is used as a counterflow lane.

East of Cambie Street, Georgia Street becomes a one-way street for eastbound traffic, and connects to the Georgia Viaduct for eastbound travellers only; westbound traffic is handled by Dunsmuir Street and the Dunsmuir Viaduct, located one block to the north.

East Georgia Street begins at the intersection with Main Street in Vancouver's Chinatown, then runs eastwards through Strathcona, Grandview–Woodland and Hastings–Sunrise to Boundary Road. East of the municipal boundary, Georgia Street continues eastwards through Burnaby until its terminus at Grove Avenue in the Lochdale neighbourhood. This portion of Georgia Street is interrupted at several locations, such as Templeton Secondary School, Highway 1 and Kensington Park. 

Georgia Street was named in 1886 after the Strait of Georgia, and ran between Chilco and Beatty Streets. After the first Georgia Viaduct opened in 1915, the street's eastern end was connected to Harris Street, and Harris Street was subsequently renamed East Georgia Street.

The second Georgia Viaduct, opened in 1972, connects to Prior Street at its eastern end instead. As a result, East Georgia Street has been disconnected from West Georgia ever since.

On June 15, 2011 Georgia Street became the focal point of the 2011 Vancouver Stanley Cup riot.